The Order of Calatrava

• Time Period: Pre World War I
• Institution: 26 September 1164
• Country: Spain, Portugal

The Order of Calatrava, known as Orden de Calatrava in Spanish and Ordem de Calatrava in Portuguese, stood as one of the four Spanish military orders and notably served as the premier military order established in Castile, albeit being the second to gain papal endorsement. Pope Alexander III officially sanctioned the Order of Calatrava through a papal bull issued on September 26, 1164. While much of the order’s political and military influence waned by the late 15th century, its assets were not fully dissolved until 1838.

The Order of Calatrava holds a distinguished place in the history of medieval Spain as one of the foremost military orders. Founded in the 12th century, it played a crucial role in the Reconquista, the centuries-long effort by Christian kingdoms to retake the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule.

Initially established as a military brotherhood to protect the Calatrava fortress in the Kingdom of Castile, the order quickly expanded its mission to defend Christian territories and combat Moorish incursions. Its members, known as knights or cavaliers, took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, dedicating themselves to the defense of Christendom.

The Order of Calatrava gained papal approval in 1164, solidifying its status as an official institution of the Catholic Church. With the backing of both secular and ecclesiastical authorities, it grew in power and influence, attracting nobles and warriors from across Europe to join its ranks.

In the present day, the fundamental objective of the Spanish Orders remains unchanged from their inception: the protection and promotion of the Catholic faith. While the use of the sword has ceased, their commitment to doctrine, exemplary conduct, spiritual growth, and religious observance persists, alongside their engagement in cultural and social endeavors.